ABSTRACT
Even though whey protein complex derived from milk, is being touted as a functional food with a number of health benefits, so far its full mechanistic effect has not been deeply explicated, which is the target of this study. For this reason, we observed the 2 months protection influence of whey protein (100 & 200 mg/kg, p.ob.wt.) and/or oil of Nigella sativa (5ml/kg, p.ob.wt.) against intoxicated rats with single dose of potassium dichromate (30mg/Kg, I.P) at the end of protection period. On the biochemical level, whey protein and/or oil of Nigella sativa were changed the potassium dichromate renal toxicity consequences, where it showed a significant improvement in the creatinine, urea, protein, uric acid and sodium levels. While in the tissue level (Kidney), it revealed a significant enhancement in reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes as compared to nephrotoxic group. Moreover, whey protein and/or oil of Nigella sativa reduced the elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and inflammatory mediators like tumor necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) induced by potassium dichromate and alleviation the histopathological changes caused by the intoxication. These results give a new vision into the hopeful mechanisms that modulated numerous factors induced renal injury.
ABSTRACT
Aim of the study was to assess the renoprotective effect of Carum carvi essential oil. Thirty male albino rats were divided into three groups: normal control (group A), diabetic positive control (group B), and experimental (group C) receiving Carum carvi oil as a renoprotective agent at 10 mg/kg of body weights orally. Group B and C rats received STZ (60 mg/kg) for induction of diabetes. Rats with fasting blood glucose levels over 200mg /dl were considered diabetic. Blood samples were collected on the 22 th day for the determination of glutathione peroxidase and glucose. Kidneys were also extracted for examination. Carum carvi oil was analysed using the GC and GC/MS analysis. The major components of caraway essential oil were Carvone (70.1%) followed by γ – Terpinene (12.6%) and Limonene (5.5%) in addition to some minor compounds including Linalool (0.7%), Thymol (0.5%), γ –Cadinene (0.5%), α- Farnesene (0.4%), δ- Cadinene (0.4%). The diabetic group rats showed an increase in the serum level of glucose, and decrease in glutathione peroxidase. 10 mg/kg body weight dose of Carum carvi oil significantly corrected these parameters.The morphological examination of group B rats kidneys showed glomerular and tubular degeneration with massive cellular infiltration, hemorrhage in interstitial tissue and deformed renal tissue architecture. Whereas the kidney rats in group C showed marked improvement with minor pathological changes. Conclusion: Carum carvi oil showed renoprotection against diabetic nephropathy. This could be contributed to Carum carvi constituents, especially carvone , γ –Terpinene and Limonene which have strong anti-oxidant activity.